Compartimos un escrito jurídico político del colega constitucionalista Adán Costa Rotela, reflexionando sobre Argentina 2017.
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En sus “Escritos Póstumos”, aparecidos en 1897, aunque escritos en 1874, Juan Bautista Alberdi, al calor de sus querellas políticas con Sarmiento y Mitre, profetizaba: “No es terrorista todo el que quiere serlo. Sólo aterra en realidad el que tiene el poder efectivo de infligir el mal impunemente”. Infligir el mal sin cargar con sus consecuencias. Esta tremenda frase bien puede ser pensada en términos de poder comprender el “Terrorismo de Estado” de los años setentas de la Argentina, pero también la podemos reposicionar en nuestro 2.017. La Ministra de Seguridad de la Nación calificó muy recientemente de “terroristas y separatistas” a las comunidades mapuches de la Patagonia. Quien conoce el sentido ancestral de las comunidades jamás podría encontrar en sus históricos reclamos algún atisbo de terrorismo, ni en sus medios, ni mucho menos en sus fines. En todo caso reacción y resistencia cultural. Occidente entero y muchos de sus valores, nosotros mismos cuando abusamos de esos ropajes, somos los terroristas, más no al revés. Santiago Maldonado fue desaparecido el martes primero de agosto de 2017, y los miembros de la comunidad Pu Lof en Resistencia del Departamento Cushamen de la Provincia del Chubut, aterrados por esta circunstancia, están empezando a contar los detalles de lo ocurrido en la certeza que a Santiago lo desapareció la Gendarmería Nacional. No es el de Santiago el único caso de desaparición de personas de las comunidades indígenas. Hace muy poco tiempo, en el norte de la provincia de Santa Fe, la joven Rosalía Jara ha desaparecido sin dejar rastro alguno de su paradero. La combinación de la trata de personas con la connivencia policial es letal. En Misiones y en Formosa también hay desapariciones de personas que reclamaban por visibilizar reclamos de comunidades mbya guaraníes y wichis. Pero el caso de Santiago si ha recibido una amplia atención de todo el país. Tan fuerte ha sido la atención como fenomenal la operación de encubrimiento por parte del gobierno nacional de ese accionar violento y probablemente homicida.
Pasaron las elecciones primarias del último domingo y su resultado fue prematuramente presentado en lo comunicacional como un rotundo éxito del gobierno en todo el país, casi sin terminar de contar los votos en la Provincia de Buenos Aires donde efectivamente ganó Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, aunque la información oficial jamás lo convalidaría. El credo republicano aquí pareciera no tener aplicación. Lo que tampoco dijo el gobierno nacional es que perdió en 14 de los 24 distritos electorales, contabilizando dos distritos de enorme peso demográfico como lo son las provincias de Santa Fe y Buenos Aires. También se esquiva el hecho de que dos de cada tres argentinos no lo legitiman, ya que han votado por otras preferencias políticas. Hoy el vicepresidente de los Estados Unidos Mike Pence visita nuestro país promoviendo en la región la “doctrina de las nuevas amenazas”, donde se destacan lo que ellos consideran como “amenazas” a su propia seguridad: el terrorismo, el narcotráfico, la delincuencia trasnacional, el indigenismo y el populismo radicalizado. Todas estas claves son palabras recurrentes. Palabras que forman parte del escueto, pero muy efectivo, lenguaje presidencial y el de su gobernadora estrella. La lucha contra las “mafias”, el “narcotráfico”, las referencias siempre descalificadoras a los “fanáticos y corruptos populistas”. El “que te han hecho Daniel, te han convertido en un panelista de 678” del debate por la presidencia en noviembre de 2015 era un germen de lo que hoy se dice a boca de jarro. Se añade ahora la novedad de la estigmatización y criminalización del “terrorismo mapuche”. Los medios de comunicación predominantes se encargan de difundirlas hasta el hartazgo como títulos y zócalos televisivos, pero sin dar cuenta jamás de sus trasfondos, ni mucho menos a los intereses que representan. Las tierras que habitan los mapuches existen muchísimo antes de que existan un Benetton o el amigo presidencial Joe Lewis, la idea misma de propiedad privada o la concepción occidental del Estado. Bien se sabe que la derecha en la Argentina hoy posee legalidad democrática, concentrando para sí poder político, poder económico, poder de fuego y poder comunicacional, pero su accionar jamás será ni democrático ni favorecerá las mayorías.
“Ramal que para, ramal que cierra” dijo Menen en los noventas. Hoy Macri consolida dramáticamente aquella amenaza, ese deseo. Con un decreto presidencial habilitó a su Ministro de Transporte a levantar vías, rieles, infraestructuras y materiales de ferrocarriles. Raúl Scalabrini Ortiz, quizá el intelectual argentino que vio con mayor lucidez en los ferrocarriles a la materialización de la soberanía nacional pensaba: “los ferrocarriles constituyen la llave fundamental de una nación. La economía nacional, pública y privada, el equilibrio de las diversas regiones que la integran, la actividad comercial e industrial, la distribución de la riqueza y hasta la política doméstica e internacional están íntimamente vinculadas a los servicios públicos de comunicación y transporte”. Esta referencia no es lateral. Es útil para entender la trama y la profundidad del fenómeno. Así como en un momento de nuestra historia la visión cultural del derecho de propiedad privada se ha encaramado por sobre una visión cultural del uso ancestral, comunitario y sagrado de la tierra, se quiere imponer una visión que el desarrollo no está en la fuerza de la producción y del trabajo galvanizado por los derechos. Costo laboral, trabajo reemplazado por la tecnología, meritocracia son sus mascarones de proa. Estamos asistiendo a un peligroso escenario. Hoy la derecha, por su enorme poder simbólico y cultural, está en condiciones de aplicar el terrorismo a sus sociedades, en los términos de infligir el mal sin cargar con muchas de sus consecuencias, al plantar falacias donde existen verdades que duelen. La desaparición forzada de personas, el temor a perder el trabajo o la manipulación de la información de un resultado electoral, erosionan la soberanía popular y la legitimidad de un gobierno. Sabemos que es cultural el problema, pero también sabemos que siempre es política su solución.
Por Adan Costa
15 de Agosto de 2017


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